Research advances in genetics and breeding ofpopulus davidiana dode in China

In this paper a general introduction is given to research advances in genetics improvement and breeding of Chinese aspen (Populus davidiana Dode) in China. This introduction includes natural distribution and collection, conservation, gene diversity, provenance trial, crossing breeding, vegetative propagation and disease resistant etc. Based on the current situation of forest tree breeding in China, some strategic suggestions concerning the future development of Chinese aspen genetics improvement in China are presented, taking into consideration the existing domestic demands of forestry production and international trends in forest tree breeding. Responsible Editor: Chai Ruihai     

Research advances in genetics and breeding of Populus davidiana Dode in China

IntroductionBreedingofChineseaspen(Populusd8vjdtanaDode)inChinastartedin195O'swhenthefirstcrossingsweremadebyProfessorYiPeizhongin1946attheagriculturecollegeofChinacenter(Yi1955)andXuWeiyingin1954attheChineseforestryresearchinstitute(XuandHuangetal.1956).CrossingwasmadebetweenPOoUPIushOPej8nsiSandPd8vha8na,Pd8VdenaandPsdrionIjDuringtheperiod196o-197o,greatattentionwaspaidtothehybridizationbetWeenPOPulUsgenusorraces(Han1995).Themosteffective,systematicresearchworkbegantodeveIopsin…     

Efficient management of transportation logistics related to animal disease outbreaks

Vehicle routing is a key instrument to manage and control animal disease outbreaks. This paper focuses on an efficient, user-friendly and automatic procedure to manage transportation logistics to and between farms in the case of an outbreak. This procedure can be embedded into a veterinary geographical information system for the management and control of disease outbreaks. The transportation logistics for the problem at hand can be divided into two main transportation categories: (i) round itineraries, which are special cases of the travelling salesman problem, and (ii) one-to-one itineraries. Attention is given to the use of user-friendly, heuristic yet efficient algorithms for the determination of these itineraries. It is furthermore shown that the procedure is developed in such a way that the identified routes meet both national and international regulations in force during disease outbreaks.     

兔出血症-巴氏杆菌病铝胶二联灭活苗的研制

筛选了具有良好免疫原性的兔瘟强毒株GMH881和兔巴氏杆菌C51-17株,研制出了兔出血症-巴氏杆菌二联铝胶灭活苗,对疫苗进行了免疫剂量、免疫产生期、兔出血症抗体测定、免疫保护期、保存期等试验;确定出二联铝胶苗免疫剂量1.0 mL;二联铝胶苗在免疫后7 d对兔病毒性出血症强毒的保护率达到100%,二联苗免疫后10～14 d对兔巴氏杆菌的保护率均达到75%以上;二联铝胶苗的兔病毒出血症抗体测定结果表明：二联铝胶苗免疫家兔后7 d,HI抗体均可达25.0,15 d明显上升,二联苗HI效价60～90 d达到最高峰,最高可达210,二联苗在120～180 d仍可维持在27.0～29.5水平。二联铝胶苗分别在免疫后4个月、6个月用兔出血症强毒攻击均产生100%保护,在6个月用2个MLD的兔巴氏杆菌攻击保护率可达70%以上,二联铝胶苗4～8℃条件下保护期暂定为1年,25℃条件下暂定为半年。     

大赖草染色体对小麦农艺性状和抗病、耐热性的效应研究

【研究目的】明确大赖草染色体对小麦农艺性状、抗病性和耐热性的效应,为进一步利用大赖草优异基因提供理论依据。【方法】通过黄矮病、白粉病、条锈病人工接种或自然发病鉴定抗病性,以分期播种模拟高温胁迫环境,通过千粒重变化评价耐热性,收获后调查农艺性状、再生性,对小麦-大赖草二体附加系、代换系和亲本‘中国春’进行农艺性状效应鉴定。【结果】结果表明,10个异染色体系苗期对白粉病菌株E09均表现高感,温室成株期白粉病抗性好于对照普通小麦‘中国春’;对条锈病抗性表现均优于‘中国春’。大赖草H染色体有增加穗长、小穗数、提早抽穗期、增加黄矮病抗性的正向效应。大赖草H、A染色体具有增加耐热性的正向效应;大赖草J染色体对粒长、粒宽和粒厚均有正向效应。大赖草A、L染色体含有控制芒的基因,大赖草F具有再生性和复小穗基因,【结论】10份异染色体系中未发现含高抗小麦白粉病基因的大赖草染色体,大赖草附加系DALr#A、DALr#F、DALr#H、DALr#J可用于小麦农艺性状、抗黄矮病、条锈病和耐热性的改良。     

3种药剂对桉树紫斑病林间防效试验

为了找到防治桉树紫斑病的高效、持久、安全的杀菌剂,通过林间防效试验研究10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂、500 g/L甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂、50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂对桉树紫斑病的防治效果,以清水为对照。结果表明,3种药剂对桉树紫斑病都有较好的防治效果。每隔10天施药,连续3次施药后,桉树大多能恢复生长,长出新梢。10%苯醚甲环唑水分散粒剂1500倍液对桉树紫斑病的防治效果最好,病情指数为25.24,防效为40.24%,500 g/L甲基硫菌灵悬浮剂600倍液的病情指数分别为27.09,防效为35.87%,50%多菌灵可湿性粉剂500倍液的病情指数分别为32.21,防效为23.74%。清水对照的病情指数为42.24。3种药剂用后都未发生药害。     

安岳柠檬专用配方肥试验初报

本文对自行配制的4个柠檬专用配方肥料(N1、N2、N3、N4)进行了效果试验,其增产、抗病效果及对果实的品质影响均优于果农当下施用的肥料。增产效果以N3最好,N1较好,N4最差;品质上从单果均重和柠檬油出油率两个指标看N3最好,N2较好;从抗病效果看N2最好,N3较好,N1次之,为柠檬专用肥生产和施用提供了科学依据。     

高抗梨黑星病新种质4-34和8-80的筛选

梨黑星病是梨的主要病害之一,对梨生产造成了巨大损失。为选育抗黑星病种质,通过田间自然发病方法,从京白梨和鸭梨正反交群体中筛选出2株高抗梨黑星病的种质4-34和8-80,经过2006～2010年连续5 a的接种评价,发现其抗病性稳定。并对其生物学性状进行了调查。     

外源抗菌肽在转基因鱼腥草中的表达及抗茎腐病研究（摘要）

[目的]鉴定转基因鱼腥草中外源抗菌肽的表达,分析抗茎腐病的能力。[方法]通过SDS-PAG电泳和Western blot方法检测转基因鱼腥草植株中外源抗菌肽的表达,接种不同浓度的立枯丝核菌孢子,比较转基因植株与非转基因植株的染病情况。[结果]外源抗菌肽能在转基因鱼腥草中表达;立枯丝核菌的最佳侵染孢子浓度为3×105/mL,观察时间以3d为宜,转基因鱼腥草较非转基因鱼腥草的抗茎腐病能力增强。[结论]外源抗菌肽的表达能增强转基因鱼腥草植株的抗茎腐病能力。     

红河地区枣树主要病害种类调查

查清了红河地区主要枣树栽培区枣树上发生的主要病害种类为枣锈病、枣黑斑病、枣烂果病等,枣焦叶病、白粉病、缩果病、裂果病等病害在红河地区也有发生,但发病情况较轻;调查了部分枣树病害在该地区的发生规律,并对其发生特点进行了比较。